Julio Cabilla Alberto, assistants in medicine and surgery and journalist from Cadiz (1897 - 1955)

La historiografía de la Enfermería Gaditana nos remite a los orígenes de su organización colegial, principios del siglo XX. Los datos obtenidos para la reconstrucción histórica profesional proceden principalmente de la revista que el Colegio de Practicantes editó desde 1916 a 1939, publicación que vio la luz gracias a profesionales de merecido reconocimiento como Julio Cabilla Alberto, quien a pesar de su juventud asumió la dirección de El Practicante Gaditano y su puesta en marcha. Su biografía se fundamenta en fuentes primarias documentales, como es el expediente personal (Archivo Diocesano Cádiz) y el académico depositado en el Archivo de la Universidad de Cádiz.The historiography of the nursing Cádiz refers us back to the origins of your organization associative, beginning 20th century. The data obtained for the historicall reconstruction profesional come mainly from the magazine published by the Association of Medical Assistants in medicine and surgery from 1916 to 1939, publication that saw the light tranks to professionals of deserved recognition as Julio Alberto Cabilla, who, despite his youth, took the address of El Practicante Gaditano and its commissioning. His biography is based om documentary primary sources as it is the personal record (File Diocesan Cádiz) and academic deposited in the University of Cádiz Archive

Rafael Soto Camacho, fundador y primer presidente del Colegio Departamental de Practicantes de San Fernando (1921-1930)

From the recognition of the profession of Practitioner in 1857, by the wellknown Moyano law,  throughout the Spanish geography begins the  progress of collegiate organizations, with the fundamental objective of improving all aspects of the profession and its protagonists.In this context, on October 23 of 1921, the Colegio Departamental de Practicantes de Medicina y  Cirugía was established in the city of San Fernando (Cádiz).Rafael Soto Camacho, founder of the institution, dedicated all his efforts to the profession and promoted this important event. The files of the Colegio de Enfermería de Cádiz, as well as those of the Archivo de la Universidad de Cádiz mainly, they provide us with the biographical information of the main protagonist and many of the members of the different executive committee governing.A partir del reconocimiento de la profesión de practicante en 1857, por la conocida ley Moyano, en toda la geografía española comienza el progreso de las organizaciones colegiales con el objetivo fundamental de mejorar todos los aspectos de la profesión y sus protagonistas.En ese contexto, el 23 de octubre de 1921 se constituye el Colegio Departamental de Practicantes de Medicina y Cirugía en la ciudad de San Fernando (Cádiz).Rafael Soto Camacho, fundador de la institución, dedicó todos sus esfuerzos a la profesión y propició este importante acontecimiento. Los expedientes del Colegio de Enfermería de Cádiz, así como los del Archivo de la Universidad de Cádiz principalmente, nos proporcionan la información biográfica del protagonista principal y de muchos de los integrantes de las distintas Juntas de Gobierno

Julio Cabilla Alberto, practicante y periodista de Cádiz (1897-1955).

The historiography of the nursing Cádiz refers us back to the origins of your organization associative, beginning 20th century. The data obtained for the historicall reconstruction profesional come mainly from the magazine published by the Association of Medical Assistants in medicine and surgery from 1916 to 1939, publication that saw the light tranks to professionals of deserved recognition as Julio Alberto Cabilla, who, despite his youth, took the address of El Practicante Gaditano and its commissioning. His biography is based om documentary primary sources as it is the personal record (File Diocesan Cádiz) and academic deposited in the University of Cádiz Archive.La historiografía de la Enfermería Gaditana nos remite a los orígenes de su organización colegial, principios del siglo XX. Los datos obtenidos para la reconstrucción histórica profesional proceden principalmente de la revista que el Colegio de Practicantes editó desde 1916 a 1939, publicación que vio la luz gracias a profesionales de merecido reconocimiento como Julio Cabilla Alberto, quien a pesar de su juventud asumió la dirección de El Practicante Gaditano y su puesta en marcha. Su biografía se fundamenta en fuentes primarias documentales, como es el expediente personal (Archivo Diocesano Cádiz) y el académico depositado en el Archivo de la Universidad de Cádiz

Pedro José Martínez Moreno. Practitioner da armada: mais que uma simples personagem

Los Practicantes de la Armada, desde principios de siglo XX hasta finalizar la guerra civil, en las distintas zonas marítimas de nuestra geografía, fueron protagonistas destacados de la institución colegial. Eran profesionales muy bien formados y con amplias competencias laborales, gran bagaje de vivencias y con un elevado sentido del corporativismo como arma para defender unos derechos que no les eran reconocidos. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en describir la vida de Pedro J. Martínez desde la doble perspectiva de militar y practicante. Para ello, hemos empleado una metodología basada en el proceso heurístico de fuentes primarias de origen archivístico localizadas en el Archivo Central del Cuartel General de la Armada y Archivo del Colegio de Enfermería de Cádiz. También hemos obtenido importante información de la prensa profesional del momento, como es el caso de El Practicante Gaditano y recurrido a la documentación personal con la Catedrática Victoria Fernández Díaz. Toda la documentación obtenida ha sido analizada siguiendo las orientaciones de la disciplina histórica, especialmente la biográfica y de vida. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación nos llevan a perfilar a Martínez Moreno como un individuo que, por sus cualidades y conocimientos, destacaba en su actividad profesional y en el ambiente social. Cartagenero de nacimiento y practicante de la Armada, era algo más que un personaje. Desde su tierra natal, donde fue presidente del Colegio Departamental de Cartagena, fundador y propietario de la revista “El Practicante Moderno”, hasta llegar a la capital gaditana donde resultó elegido presidente del Colegio de Practicantes de Cádiz. No pasaba nunca desapercibido y destacaba en todos los ámbitos donde residía. También era un profesional militar muy considerado por sus superiores y así le era oficialmente reconocido. En cumplimiento al Decreto del Gobierno provisional de la República de 23 de abril de 1931, prestó la preceptiva promesa de adhesión y fidelidad a la República. Esa lealtad, le costaría salir exiliado al finalizar la guerra civil, y morir años después, en tierra extranjera (Túnez), sin el reconocimiento debido y el mayor de los olvidos. Por tanto, las conclusiones extraídas de nuestro trabajo son que la vida de Pedro José Martínez Moreno se desarrolló de forma especialmente relevante tanto desde la perspectiva militar como sanitaria, dado que los diferentes cargos en las presidencias colegiales denotan unas habilidades sociales y profesionales altamente infrecuentes, del mismo modo que denotan su continuo y profundo compromiso con la profesión de enfermería desde la representatividad colegial.The Navy Surgery Practitioners, from the beginning of the twentieth century until the civil war, the different maritime of our geography, they were prominent protagonist of the collegiate institution. They were very well trained professionals with extensive work skills, great baggage of experiences and with a high sense of corporatism as a weapon to defend rights that were not recognized to them. The objective of this study is describing the life of Pedro J. Martínez Moreno from the dual perspective of military and surgery practitioner. To do this, we have used a methodology based on the heuristic process of primary sources of archival origin located in the Central Archive of the Headquarters of the Navy and file of the College of Nursing of Cádiz. We have also obtained important information from the professional press of the moment, as is the El Practicante Gaditano and resorted to personal documentation with Professor Victoria Fernández Díaz. All the documentation obtained has been analyzed according to the orientation of historical discipline, especially biographical and life. The results obtained in this research lead us to profile Martínez Moreno as an individual who, for his qualities and knowledge, he exceled in his professional activity and in the social environment. Cartagenero by birth and navy surgery practitioner, was more than just a character. From his homeland, where he was president of the Departmental College of Cartagena, founder and owner of the professional magazine “El Practicante Moderno”, until arriving in the capital of Cádiz where he was elected president of College of Surgery Practitioners of Cádiz. It never went unnoticed and stood out in all areas where he resided. He was also a military professional highly regarded by his superiors and thus was officially recognized. In compliance with the Decree of the Provisional Government of the Republic of 23 April 1931, it provided the mandatory promise of accession and fidelity to the Republic. That loyalty would cost him to go into exile at the end of the civil war, and die years later, in a foreign land (Tunisia), without due recognition and the greatest oblivion. Therefore, the conclusions drawn from our work are that the life of Pedro José Martínez Moreno developed in an especially relevant way from both the military and health perspective, given that the different positions in the collegiate presidencies denote highly infrequent social and professional skills, in the same way that they denote their continuous and deep commitment to the nursing profession from collegiate representation.Os Praticantes da Marinha, desde o início do século XX até ao fim da guerra civil, nas diferentes áreas marítimas da nossa geografia, foram protagonistas notáveis da instituição colegial. Eram profissionais muito bem treinados, com vastas competências de trabalho, uma grande experiência e um forte sentido de corporativismo como arma para defender direitos que não eram reconhecidos. O objectivo deste estudo é descrever a vida de Pedro J. Martínez a partir da dupla perspectiva de militar e praticante. Para tal, utilizámos uma metodologia baseada no processo heurístico de fontes primárias de origem arquivística localizadas no Arquivo Central do Quartel-General da Marinha e no Arquivo do Colégio de Enfermagem de Cádis. Obtivemos também informações importantes da imprensa profissional da época, como é o caso de El Practicante Gaditano e recorremos à documentação pessoal com a Professora Victoria Fernández Díaz. Toda a documentação obtida foi analisada seguindo as directrizes da disciplina histórica, especialmente a biografia e a história de vida. Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação levam-nos a traçar o perfil de Martínez Moreno como um indivíduo que, devido às suas qualidades e conhecimentos, se destacou na sua actividade profissional e no meio social. Cartaginês de nascimento e estagiário da Marinha, ele era mais do que uma personagem. Desde a sua pátria, onde foi presidente do Colégio Departamental de Cartagena, fundador e proprietário da revista "El Practicante Moderno", até à capital de Cádis, onde foi eleito presidente do Colégio de Praticantes de Cádis. Ele nunca passou despercebido e destacou-se em todas as áreas onde viveu. Era também um profissional militar altamente considerado pelos seus superiores e foi oficialmente reconhecido como tal. Em conformidade com o Decreto do Governo Provisório da República de 23 de Abril de 1931, fez a promessa obrigatória de adesão e lealdade à República. Esta lealdade custar-lhe-ia ir para o exílio no final da guerra civil, e morrer anos mais tarde, numa terra estrangeira (Tunísia), sem o devido reconhecimento e o maior esquecimento. Portanto, as conclusões retiradas do nosso trabalho são que a vida de Pedro José Martínez Moreno se desenvolveu de uma forma particularmente relevante tanto do ponto de vista militar como do ponto de vista da saúde, uma vez que as diferentes posições nas presidências colegiadas denotam competências sociais e profissionais altamente invulgares, da mesma forma que denotam o seu compromisso contínuo e profundo com a profissão de enfermagem a partir da representatividade colegial

Exposição permanente da história da enfermagem em Cádiz. 120º aniversário da instituição colegial

La constitución y puesta en marcha del Grupo de Investigación desde el Colegio de Enfermería de Cádiz, ha supuesto un impulso significativo para el estudio de la historia de la institución colegial. Partimos de un importante fondo documental (actas, expedientes y otros documentos) del archivo colegial, al que se añaden fuentes archivísticas de orígenes diferentes. El método heurístico del grupo ha permitido la construcción histórica de gran parte de la evolución de la institución colegial gaditano, desde que se constituyera por primera vez como Colegio Provincial de Practicantes, el día 8 de diciembre de 1899. Esta fecha ha supuesto un reto, ya que los trabajos previos a nuestra investigación presentaban fechas inexactas, lo que supone una de las primeras evidencias de los resultados obtenidos. Tras un proceso extenso de investigaciones y resultados, llegamos al último trabajo, materializado en una exposición permanente de la historia de la Enfermería Gaditana, ubicada en la sede del Colegio de Enfermería de Cádiz, y que es inaugurada con motivo de la celebración del 120 aniversario de la fundación del Colegio de Practicantes de Cádiz, como precursor de la actual organización colegial de Enfermería.The constitution and start-up of the Research Group from the Nursing College of Cádiz, has meant a significant boost for the study of the history of the college. We start from an important documentary archive (minutes, files and other documents) of the collegiate archive, to which archival sources of different origins are added. The group's heuristic method has allowed the historical construction of a large part of the evolution of the Cadiz collegiate institution, since it was first constituted as the Provincial College of Practitioners, on December 8, 1899. This date has been a challenge, since the works prior to our investigation presented inaccurate dates, which is one of the first evidences of the results obtained. After an extensive process of research and results, we come to the last work, materialized in a permanent exhibition on the history of Nursing in Gaditana, located at the headquarters of the College of Nursing in Cádiz, and which is inaugurated on the occasion of the 120th anniversary celebration. of the foundation of the College of Practitioners of Cádiz, as a precursor of the current college organization of Nursing.A constituição e o início do Grupo de Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Cádiz significou um impulso significativo para o estudo da história da faculdade. Começamos com um importante arquivo documental (atas, arquivos e outros documentos) do arquivo colegiado, ao qual são adicionadas fontes de arquivo de diferentes origens. O método heurístico do grupo permitiu a construção histórica de grande parte da evolução da instituição colegiada de Cádiz, desde que foi constituída pela primeira vez como Colégio Provincial de Praticantes, em 8 de dezembro de 1899. Esta data foi um desafio, já que os trabalhos anteriores à nossa investigação apresentaram datas imprecisas, o que é uma das primeiras evidências dos resultados obtidos. Após um extenso processo de pesquisa e resultados, chegamos ao último trabalho, materializado em uma exposição permanente sobre a história da Enfermagem em Gaditana, localizada na sede da Faculdade de Enfermagem de Cádiz, e inaugurada por ocasião da comemoração do 120º aniversário. da fundação do Colégio de Profissionais de Cádiz, como precursor da atual organização universitária de Enfermagem

Magnetic dispersive solid phase microextraction coupled with on-line chemical vapor generation method to extraction/preconcentration of mercury from environmental samples and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

Mercury (Hg) is classified as priority hazardous substances. Concentrations found in the aquatic environment are at trace levels as result of natural processes, such as erosion and volcanism, and anthropogenic discharges related mainly to industrial and mining activities. Mercury is one of the most potent neurotoxins known, showing a high number of adverse health effects in animals and humans. For this reason, a simple and rapid method for the determination and preconcentration of mercury in environmental waters is proposed. This work is based on magnetic dispersive solid phase microextraction (MDSPME) coupled with on-line chemical vapour generation (CVG). Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was employed for the quantification of Hg. In the preconcentration step, a shell structured Fe3O4@graphene oxide was suspended in the ionic liquid carrier (1-n-butyl-3-metilimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4]), obtaining a stable colloidal suspension called ferrofluid. This sorbent possesses as large contact surface area and a high density of polar groups on its surface. The nanoparticles, when finely dispersed in the sample solution, result in almost complete extraction of Hg within a few seconds. All experimental and instrumental variables were optimized and the method was adequately validated by the analysis of certified reference materials of environmental waters. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Plan Propio “Proyecto Puente” de la Universidad de Málaga for financial support of this work.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Solid sampling determination of ZnO nanoparticles in eyeshadows by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in science and technology is a fast growing field. Therefore, reliable and straightforward analytical methods are required for their fast determination in different types of samples. In this work, a method that enables the determination of the average size of ZnO NPs, besides their concentration, discriminating them from ionic zinc, has been optimized. The method is based on solid sampling high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-HR-CS-GFAAS), and has been applied to determination and characterization of ZnO NPs in cosmetic samples. Recently, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has been introduced as a new tool to determine the size of nanoparticles by evaluation of the following parameters: atomization delay (tad) and atomization rate (kat). In this work both parameters (besides peak area) have been obtained from absorbance signals for a line of Zn with low sensitivity. Two multiple response surface designs have been used in order to optimize the adequate furnace program to achieve our aims. All the optimization experiments were performed using baby´s skin irritation protective cream. The optimized furnace program is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Optimized furnace program The size calibrations were performed against solid (powered) ZnO standards, from 50-nm to 500-nm sized nanoparticles. The correlation coefficients (R value) of the linear calibration were not worse than 0.9982. The optimized method was tested in other types of cosmetic samples such as eyeshadow samples with good results. The determination of the MNPs’ size was validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Zn concentration in the solid samples was validated by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). Acknowledgements (optional) [Garamond font, 10 points] The authors would like to thank Plan propio “Proyecto Puente” de la Universidad de Málaga for financial support of this work.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Rapid magnetic microextraction to preconcentrate and determinate cadmium from environmental samples

A novel and greener ultrasonically assisted/modified cloud point extraction procedure for the preconcentration and extraction of trace cadmium from environmental samples was developed. The sorbent material was fabricated by scattering of magnetic iron nanoparticles (MNPs) over graphene oxide (GO) to obtain magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). The material was suspended in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-metilimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4]. The obtained stable colloidal suspension is named ferrofluid. GO presents excellent adsorbent properties for organic species due to the presence of the electronic π system. For this reason, the organic ligand [1,5-bis-(2-dipyridyl) methylene] thiocarbonohydrazide (DPTH) was used in order to form an organic complex of Cd. Once the DPTH ligand has been added to sample, the ferrofluid was injected and finely dispersed in the sample solution in order to extract the formed chelate as shown in Fig. 1. The complete adsorption of the quelate took place within few seconds, after that the solid was separated from the solution with the aid of a strong magnet. Cadmium ions were desorbed from the material with 1 mL of 5% acid nitric solution and quantified by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The main parameters affecting the extraction and the furnace program were optimized using one-at-time method. The analytical performance under optimum conditions are the following: LOD: 0.005 µg/L, LOQ: 0.017 µg/L. Linear calibration: 0-0.25 µg/L and EF: 200. The reliability of the developed procedure was tested by relative standard deviation (% RSD), which was found to be < 5% (1.3%). The performance of the proposed procedure was checked by applying to certified reference material and spiking standard in real samplesUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Mental disorders and criminal responsibility in the Spanish Supreme Court

Antecedentes: La responsabilidad criminal de una persona con trastorno mental puede modificarse si las capacidades cognitivas y/o volitivas están alteradas. El objetivo es conocer la repercusión que los trastornos mentales tienen en la determinación de la imputabilidad en la jurisprudencia española actual. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante la revisión de 360 sentencias del Tribunal Supremo entre 2015 y 2019. Resultados: Se modificó la responsabilidad en un 37.9% de los casos: 5.1% eximentes completas, 13.3% eximentes incompletas y 81.3% atenuantes. Los trastornos del espectro de la esquizofrenia y trastornos psicóticos fueron los más frecuentes en la exención completa y los trastornos de personalidad en la incompleta. Los trastornos relacionados con sustancias y trastornos adictivos fueron los más representados en la atenuación de la responsabilidad. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de un mismo trastorno mental puede conllevar diferentes grados de imputabilidad. La adopción de medidas terapéuticas es excepcional.Background: The criminal responsibility of a person with a mental disorder can be modified if their cognitive and/or volitional capacities are altered. The aim is to ascertain the repercussions that mental disorders have on the determination of imputability in current Spanish jurisprudence. Method: A retrospective descriptive study is presented through the review of 360 sentences of the Supreme Court from 2015 to 2019. Results: The results show that responsibility was modified in 37.9% of the cases: 5.1% complete exemptions, 13.3% incomplete exemptions, and 81.3% mitigating circumstances. The most represented disorders among the complete exemption cases were those on the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and personality disorders were the most represented for incomplete exemption. Substance-related and addictive disorders were the ones most represented in responsibility attenuation. Conclusion: The diagnosis of the same mental disorder can lead to different degrees of imputability. The adoption of therapeutic measures is the exception, not the rule

Thermal and light irradiation effect on the electrocatalytic performance of Hemoglobin modified Co3O4-g-C3N4 nanomaterials for oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in the water splitting process and a high energy conversion efficiency is essential for the definitive advance of hydrogen-based technologies. Unfortunately, the green and sustainable development of electrocatalysts for water oxidation is nowadays a real challenge. Herein, a successful mechanochemical method is proposed for the synthesis of a novel hemoglobin (Hb) modified Co3O4/g-C3N4 composite nanomaterial. The controlled incorporation of cobalt entities as well as Hb functionalization, without affecting the g-C3N4 nanoarchitecture, was evaluated using different physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The beneficial effect of the resulting ternary bioconjugate together with the influence of the temperature and light irradiation was investigated by electrochemical analysis. At 60 °C and under light exposition, this electrocatalyst requires an overpotential of 370 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, showing a Tafel slope of 66 mV·dec−1 and outstanding long-term stability for 600 OER cycles. This work paves a way for the controlled fabrication of multidimensional and multifunctional bio-electrocatalysts